From the geological and archeological points of view, this island is one of the most important ones in Costa Rica; also this land constitutes a refuge for migratory birds and protects wide marine environments and their fauna.

The island has great archeological significance as it was used as a cemetery and a permanent Pre-Columbian settlement. It is still possible to observe the remains of pottery and some almost perfectly round stone spheres made by the Indians.

Caño Island offers probably the second best diving in Costa Rica (after Cocos Island). At Caño Island you will see both Open Ocean and reef fish. Coral reefs are part of the beautiful scenario at sight. Depending on the time of year you can see different kind of dolphins, silky shark, bull shark, white tipped reef sharks and once in a while whales sharks. If you come in right season it is possible to see humpback whales, pilot whales and their calves. You may encounter large manta rays and hundreds of small manta rays. Parrot fish, puffers, damselfish and moray eels are part of the show. You'll also see large schools of barracudas, jacks and tunas. All these wonderful features are the cause why Caño Island is a Biological Reserve that preserves flora and fauna of the area. Diving therefore is regulated up to maximum of 10 divers a day and 5 dive sites are open to the public. By law, it is totally prohibited to remove any marine objects dead or alive (shells, corals, etc.)